Research By Raymond and Dorothy Moore

The Moores are generally considered the "grandparents" of the homeschool movement. Their books were the only books available when I first started to learn about homeschooling. They were both professional educators whose research guided many of my homeschool philosophies. (And I actually got to meet them at a conference in 1989!)

I recently saw this excerpt from Wikipedia's entry on homeschooling. All quotations are from an article by Raymond and Dorothy Moore titled “When Education Becomes Abuse: A Different Look at the Mental Health of Children”:

Social research
In the 1970s Raymond S. and Dorothy N. Moore conducted four federally funded analyses of more than 8,000 early childhood studies, from which they published their original findings in Better Late Than Early, 1975. This was followed by School Can Wait, a repackaging of these same findings designed specifically for educational professionals. Their analysis concluded that, "where possible, children should be withheld from formal schooling until at least ages eight to ten."
Their reason was that children, "are not mature enough for formal school programs until their senses, coordination, neurological development and cognition are ready." They concluded that the outcome of forcing children into formal schooling is a sequence of "1) uncertainty as the child leaves the family nest early for a less secure environment, 2) puzzlement at the new pressures and restrictions of the classroom, 3) frustration because unready learning tools – senses, cognition, brain hemispheres, coordination – cannot handle the regimentation of formal lessons and the pressures they bring, 4) hyperactivity growing out of nerves and jitter, from frustration, 5) failure which quite naturally flows from the four experiences above, and 6) delinquency which is failure's twin and apparently for the same reason." According to the Moores, "early formal schooling is burning out our children. Teachers who attempt to cope with these youngsters also are burning out." Aside from academic performance, they think early formal schooling also destroys "positive sociability", encourages peer dependence, and discourages self worth, optimism, respect for parents, and trust in peers. They believe this situation is particularly acute for boys because of their delay in maturity. The Moores cited a Smithsonian Report on the development of genius, indicating a requirement for "1) much time spent with warm, responsive parents and other adults, 2) very little time spent with peers, and 3) a great deal of free exploration under parental guidance." Their analysis suggested that children need "more of home and less of formal school" "more free exploration with... parents, and fewer limits of classroom and books," and "more old fashioned chores – children working with parents – and less attention to rivalry sports and amusements."

Today, more than ever, these are controversial views. However, I believe they are true.

Ruth Beechick's "Three Little Books"

Ruth Beechick's name isn't exactly a household word among homeschooling moms, but her writing has had a big influence on me. In my early years of homeschooling, I especially appreciated her three little books about the "3 R's" for young children. I highly recommend these books, and believe that you don't need any other resources for K-3. Following is a brief summary:

A Home Start in Reading talks about teaching and doing "real stuff" (cooking, cleaning, hygeine) with your child before teaching reading. Then Beechick outlines five steps for teaching reading, with suggested games and activities for each step.

A Strong Start in Language discusses using models from great writing--via copywork, dictation, and rewriting--to learn writing skills. Beechick states, "Efficiency is a correlate of learning from wholes" because you learn on a need-to-know basis. She lists skills and sa
mple lessons by grade level.

An Easy Start in Arithmetic begins with ways of thinking about number: manipulative (up

to age 6-7), mental image, and abstract (after age 12-13). Good abstract thinking comes from lots of manipulative and mental image thinking in the early years. Along with "typical" grade level skills, Beechick provides many ideas for activities and games. She says, "We cannot overemphasize the importance of games for growing children."

You can probably tell, if you have read much of my blog, that these ideas are fundamental to my educational philosphy! I really appreciate Ruth Beechick's
ideas and insights, and I hope you will too. The best news: I discovered that these "three little books" are now in one volume, listed on Amazon for $8.62! That's less than I paid for them 25 years ago!

Harold Jacobs' Math Texts

I've been hearing about Harold Jacobs' books for years, but finally had the chance to try one. My other Algebra II texts didn't seem to be a good fit for L this past year, so we tried Mathematics: A Human Endeavor. It is roughly an Algebra II text, though it has elements of more advanced algebra and lots of probability as well. I loved it, and even L (who is somewhat math-o-phobic) liked it most of the time. :o) It is much different from any other Algebra II course I have seen.

Actually, I wasn't even sure it was Algebra II level--the Forward in my book (3rd edition) says it was used as a "high school and college introductory textbook." That could mean al
most any grade level! What I finally did was to compare the Table of Contents (see below) with that of other Algebra II texts. (I have collected several of those, unfortunately!) Jacobs' text covered basically everything the others did, plus a little.

Chapter 1--Mathematical Ways of Thinking
Chapter 2--Number Sequences
Chapter 3--Functions and Their Graphs
Chapter 4--Large Numbers and Logarithms
Chapter 5--Symmetry and Regular Figures
Chapter 6--Mathematical Curves
Chapter 7--Methods of Counting
Chapter 8--The Mathematics of Chance
Chapter 9--An Introduction to Statistics
Chapter 10--Topics in Topology

The approach is quite different than other texts so I was afraid there would be gaps, but mostly I have just noticed different emphases (i.e. a topic covered in detail by Saxon might be briefly mentioned by Jacobs). There is a lot of "hands on" work, which is perfect for a kinesthetic learner. These models, for example, are part of the lesson on "Regular Polyhedra: The Platonic Solids."

Probably the only complaint I have (and it's minor) is that the "real life" problems don't have nice, neat solutions. The messy numbers were sometimes discouraging for L.

This book was given to me, so I had it on hand to try out. We liked it so much, though, that I'm going to take the plunge and try Harold Jacobs' Algebra next year for N.

Ancient Greece, 2010

My girls had a great time making a Power Point presentation at the end of their unit on Ancient Greece. I have tried several things, but have not been able to put the Power Point on this blog! So I’ll just try to outline what we did.

Week 1
*The art and ideas of the Greeks are still all around us today (art, architecture, science, mathematics, government).
--Watch video: Athens and Ancient Greece (overview of Greek geography and what the ruins looked like in ancient times)
--Brainstorm ideas for a list of things we got “From Ancient Greece”
--Watch video: Donald Duck in Mathemagic Land (first part—talking about Greek use of the golden mean in architecture, geometry, music)
--Make a map of Greece, with names of major islands

*The stories of the heroes are considered the beginning of the history of Greece.
--Watch video The Aegean from Time Life's Lost Civilizations series
--Read an overview of Greek gods and goddesses in D’Aulaire's Book of Greek Myths.
--Do crossword puzzle or matching game (Greenleaf Guide to Ancient Greece)
--Read aloud The Golden Fleece: And the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles by Padraic Colum
vocabulary: protean, arachnid, lyric

Week 2—Trojan War
--Read The Children’s Homer: The Adventures of Odysseus and the Tale of Troy by Padraic Colum
--Make model Trojan horse (while Mom reads).
--Read Aeschelus’ play Electra. (This was remarkably short. We took parts and read aloud. This also led to a discussion about Greek drama--masks, chorus, etc.)

Week 3—City States
--read aloud Theras and His Town by Caroline Dale Snedeker. (This is a fictional account of a boy who lives in Athens then moves to Sparta.)
--Watch Ancient Greece from Time Life’s Lost Civilizations series
--read aloud Plutarch’s Lives—Cimon, Pericles
--Report on Lycurgus, Draco, Solon, Pisistratus
--Watch The First Olympics: Athens 1896
--Add people & events to timeline/century books.
vocabulary: trireme, draconian, solon, democracy, hygiene

Week 4--Wars
--Mom tell about the Persian Wars (490-479), using pictures from textbook.
(This included Battle of Marathon, Darius I (522-486), Militiades, Pheidippides, Xerxes I (486-465), Themistocles, Battle of Salamis, Aristides the Just.)
--Read aloud Leonidas, Hero of Thermopolae.
--Mom tell about the Delian League and the Peloponnesian War (431-404)
--Add people & events to timeline/century books.

Week 5
--Read aloud The Last Days of Socrates (selected sections) by Plato.
--Report on philosphers--Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Diogenes
--Read aloud Archimedes and the Door of Science by Jeanne Bendick (and try out some of the math stuff!).

Week 6
--Read aloud Alexander the Great by John Gunther

THEN make a Power Point presentation about all of it!
(L and N did a great job--with music and lots of special effects.)

Edible and Healing Plants


That's what I called our latest unit this spring. It included basic botany concepts, hands-on learning in the garden, plant- or gardening-related copywork, and instruction about healing herbs.
I followed the basic outline of the Apologia book Exploring Creation With Botany. (It is elementary level, but the concepts are easily expanded.) Each week we covered one chapter in the book, spent a few hours in the garden, and "met" two healing herbs. The kids each made a notebook of what they learned.

Week 1
*Plants are classified by whether they have tubes and by how they make seeds.
*How do non-vascular plants work?
*Make dandelion root tea.

Week 2
*Dissect a bean seed.
*Make a flip book about germination of a seed.
*Find out the difference between monocots and dicots.
*Learn about fennel and garlic. Make fennel candy (for digestion).

Week 3
*Dissect a flower
*Learn about flower families
*Discover yarrow and elder

Week 4
*Discuss various types of pollination
*Get to know comfrey and clove

Week 5
*What is the real definition of fruit?
*Classify types of fruit.
*Learn about cayenne and peppermint.
Other books I used were 10 Essential Herbs by Lalitha Thomas (a real gem, but currently out of print) and A Kid's Herb Book by Lesley Tierra. I highly recommend both. We found some good pictures of herbs in Medicinal Plants Coloring Book by Ilil Arbel.

May Day 2010 at Camlann Village

Our family and several friends traveled to Camlann Village--a living history town from the middle ages--to celebrate May Day.

L and N had to have costumes, of course, including enough hats for all of their friends.




And the MAYPOLE!

Homeschool Writing Contests

Thank you, Tori, for the heads up on this one. I have a daughter who loves to write and is VERY excited to learn about all these contests.
For those of you who didn't see Tori's comment in a previous post, click here to find out about the Homeschool Writer of the Year competition. Check out the "Contest Chart" at the left on that website for a long list of available contests.

Chicken Math

D’s third math block for this year was about the times tables. Although we have talked about multiplication before, we haven’t tried to memorize the math facts. Like other Waldorf blocks, these facts are introduced through stories. Since D loves to help with our chickens, I decided to make them the basis for our unit. D did request, however, that I do one story about beetles. (He has a “pet” beetle.) Since beetles have six legs, I used them for the sixes. And no, I could not have a story where a chicken eats a beetle!

For each times table (2 to 9), there is a story or instruction about chickens, skip counting on a 100’s chart (to see patterns), and practice with the math facts. We do this in the three-day rhythm (overlapping days to do two in each week). The times tables can be done in any order, but following is what I did. Note that, by the time you get to the last times table, there is only one fact to learn.

2’s tables Intro, then “Eyes and Ears of Birds” from Handbook of Nature Study, p. 36
Practice math facts with a beanbag.

9’s tables “The Secret Nests of the Spotty Dotties” from http://www.boggycreekfarm.com
(Tell it with 9 chickens standing in line waiting for the Spotty Dotties.)
Note how multiples of 9 always add to 9, etc.
Practice with the Math-It board

5’s tables “Feathers as Clothing” from Handbook of Nature Study pp. 27-29
Practice with the skip counting CD
Poem on p. 29

3’s tables “The Form and Use of Beaks” from Handbook of Nature Study pp. 37-38
“The Chicken Who Wouldn’t Eat Gravel” from http://www.mainlesson.com/
(Tell it with 3 chicks in the brood.)
Practice with Wrap-Ups.

6’s tables Story about beetles running, then hiding under rocks. How many legs?
Or “The Black Spanish Chicks” from http://www.mainlesson.com/
(Tell it with 6 eggs.)
Practice with times table song

4’s tables “The Feet of Birds” from Handbook of Nature Study pp. 39-40
(4 toes on a hen’s foot)
Practice with Math-It board, and review all previous times tables.

8’s tables “Chicken Ways” from Handbook of Nature Study pp. 41-44
Use “Chicken Talk” from http://www.upc-online.org/stories/chicken_talk.html to find 8 things that chickens say.
Practice with Wrap-Ups.

7’s tables Only one fact left! 7x7=49
Our seven chickens each ate seven weeds from the garden, etc….
Practice all with times tables songs.

I hope you can tell that you can do this around ANY theme. Just try to match the numbers with something in the story. Some stories (like the Spotty Dotties) can be used for any number by just adjusting the facts. I found that once I started looking, the stories came to me. It was fun!

Driver's Education

Driver's education isn't a homeschool class, at least in our state. But L wrote about her experience, and I thought you'd enjoy her observations. Writing IS a homeschool class! (Thanks to Je who originally got L to write this and posted it on her blog.)

When I took driver’s ed these past two months, I was told I would have to go on six drives, and I was a little nervous. However, all nervousness faded after my first drive, when I met the driving instructor. She was everything an instructor should be: calm, business-like, and cheerful. She would politely point out when I should start to stop, when I should turn, and about when the wheel should be moving for me to successfully make the light.

Everything went great on my first two drives, so I was absolutely confident in myself when the third drive came around and I was told I would have the substitute, Derek, because my instructor was going out of town for a wedding. I smiled and said okay, not worrying about it because of my past experience. The day came and I hopped happily into the car with the driving instructor, who, sadly for him, had the misfortune of looking like a certain older brother of mine who is famous for having a need for speed.

In his own way Derek was just as polite as my other instructor. He insisted on singing a solo of lady gaga for me the entire way and I was forced to smile and nod, smile and nod. Derek was an absolute gentleman. There was no need for me to drive, thought he, and he gallantly relieved me of both wheel and brake. As we drove along, I had one side of the wheel, and he had the other. I controlled the accelerator, but long before we reached the stop light, he politely used my brake, despite the fact my foot was already easing down on it. When I turned a corner, I signaled, and he turned. When he told me to angle park, he explained it, drew a picture of it, and then did it himself. I not only felt like a bad driver, I didn’t feel like a driver at all. Even in the parking lot, going five miles an hour, he insisted on letting me relax while he told me how--and then demonstrated--all the various kinds of parking and passing. I did my best to smile and nod, but I now realize I should have taken this time to take finish my book. It’s really sad I left it at home, but when I left I had no idea I would have the opportunity to read! At one point he asked me how I would back from the parking place I was in, to one on the far side and far end of the lot. I told him I would put the car in reverse, pull out of this spot, back along until I reached the other, and then back into it. He told me he had a serious problem with me backing for such a long time. “What I would do,” he told me, “would be to back out of this, pull forward to the next one, and then back into that.” I was confused and asked him if it was just me, or if he had really said “Back from this spot to that one.” He told me that is exactly what he said, but that there was no need to back the whole way! Needless to say (unless you are one of the rare breed of Derek-understanders) I was confused. It ended up okay though, because he did it for me. After that drive my confidence was in need of patching up, but it was partially repaired at my next class when the other students who had had the pleasure of being chauffeured by Derek said he did the same thing to them.

On my next drive I was once again with my normal instructor. After getting into the lesson car and adjusting the seat, she asked if I had practiced parallel parking. “Well,” I said, “Derek did.”

Only in homeschool...

What was D singing this morning?
"Hello Salamis, I am a Greek trireme" (to the tune of "Hello Seattle").

We worked on timelines today, and he made a magnificent trireme that was about 400 years long!